Radiopharmaceutical Pig

ABSTRACT

A pharmaceutical pig is used to transport a syringe containing a liquid radiopharmaceutical from a radiopharmacy to a medical facility for administration to a patient. The pharmaceutical pig includes an elongate polymer cap that is removably attached to an elongate polymer base. The elongate polymer cap includes a cap shell that completely encloses a cap shielding element and the elongate polymer base includes a base shell that completely encloses a base shielding element. Preferably the polymer utilized for the cap shell and the base shell is polycarbonate resin, e.g., LEXAN®. An inner liner is not utilized and the cap shielding element and the base shielding element, which are preferably, but not necessarily, made of lead, are completely sealed and unexposed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/545,638 entitled “Methods of Using and Making RadiopharmaceuticalPigs” filed on 10 Oct. 2006, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/486,197 entitled “Radiopharmaceutical Pig” filedon 13 Jul. 2006, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 10/527,301 entitled “Polymer Pharmaceutical Pig and AssociatedMethod of Use and Associated Method of Production” filed on 9 Mar. 2005,which claims priority to PCT Application No. PCT/US03/31823 filed on 7Oct. 2003, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 60/419,161 filed on 17 Oct. 2002, the entire disclosures of whichare hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

A pharmaceutical pig is used for transportation of liquidradiopharmaceuticals. A radiopharmacy typically dispenses a liquidradiopharmaceutical into a syringe, which is then placed in apharmaceutical pig for transport to a medical facility. Thepharmaceutical pig reduces unwanted exposure from the radioactivematerial and protects the syringe from damage. After delivery, thepharmaceutical pig is opened, the syringe is removed and theradiopharmaceutical is administered to a patient. The used syringe isput back in the pharmaceutical pig and returned to the radiopharmacy fordisposal. Some radiopharmacies are independently owned and others areowned and operated in nationwide networks by Cardinal Health, Inc.,having a place of business at 7000 Cardinal Place, Dublin, Ohio 43017and Mallinckrodt Inc., a business of Tyco International, Ltd.Conventional pharmaceutical pigs are used on a daily basis byradiopharmacies across the country. Many of the conventional pigs incurrent use are formed from plastic and lead. Of course, the lead isused as shielding material for the radiopharmaceutical. Conventionalplastic/lead pharmaceutical pigs are typically configured in a two-partor a three-part design, discussed in greater detail below. Otherconventional pharmaceutical pigs are formed from plastic and tungsten.The tungsten is an alternative shielding material to lead, but it ismuch more expensive.

The pharmaceutical pigs that are currently used with syringes areelongate devices sized to enclose a single syringe that holds a dose fora single patient. Conventional two-part pharmaceutical pigs areavailable from Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. of Shirley, N.Y. (“Biodex”)and are commonly used in the Mallinckrodt system of radiopharmacies.Conventional three-part pharmaceutical pigs are produced by CardinalHealth, Inc. and are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,519,931. Theseconventional three-part pharmaceutical pigs are believed to be inwidespread use in the Cardinal Health, Inc. system of radiopharmacies totransport conventional syringes.

The Biodex two-part pharmaceutical pig is formed from: a) an outerplastic shell having a removable plastic top that threadibly engages aplastic base; and b) an inner shield having an upper lead section thatfits in the plastic top and a lower lead section that fits in theplastic base. Conventional syringes are transported in this two-partpharmaceutical pig. However, because of the possibility ofcontamination, the lower section of the pharmaceutical pig is washed anddisinfected after each use in the Mallinckrodt system ofradiopharmacies.

There is a three-part pharmaceutical pig disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,519,931, assigned to Syncor International Corp., which is formed fromthe following components: a) an outer shell having a removable plastictop that threadibly engages a plastic base; b) an inner shield having anupper lead section that fits in the plastic top and a lower lead sectionthat fits in the plastic base; and c) an inner disposable liner having aremovable plastic cap that connects to a plastic base. A conventionalsyringe is contained in the disposable plastic liner, which fits intothe lead portion of the pharmaceutical pig. There is also apharmaceutical pig disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,174, which is alsoassigned to Syncor International Corp., that includes an upper shieldand a lower shield that nest within an upper outer shell and a lowerouter shell, respectively. There is a separate sharps container, havingan upper cap and a lower housing, that nests within the upper shield andthe lower shield, respectively.

John B. Phillips is listed as the inventor on several patents for athree-part pharmaceutical pig having: a) an outer plastic shell; b) aninner lead shield; and c) a removable inner liner to hold a syringe. ThePhillips' patents are as follows: U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,429; U.S. Pat. No.5,918,443; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,155,420. The removable inner liner in thePhillips' design has a flared hexagonal shaped section sized to surroundthe finger grip of the syringe and hold it securely in place duringtransit.

Conventional three-part lead/plastic pharmaceutical pigs, such as theSyncor design or the Phillips design described above, rely on aremovable inner liner having a cap and base to contain the syringe andprevent contamination of the lead shielding material with theradiopharmaceutical. However, both the two-part lead/plasticpharmaceutical pig and the three-part lead/plastic pharmaceutical pighave exposed lead on the interior. There is a need for a new design thatprotects the lead from inadvertent contamination by the liquidradiopharmaceutical. Lead is a very porous material that can absorb theradiopharmaceutical. Moreover, lead, as a material, might be construedas being hygienically challenging.

Many conventional three-part lead/plastic pharmaceutical pigs use athreaded design to connect the cap and the base. Some of these prior artdesigns require several turns to connect the cap and the base. In a busyradiopharmacy, there is a need for a faster and easier way to attach thecap to the base. However, the cap is typically not locked into place,therefore, rough transportation and a failure to provide the requisitenumber of turns can result in the cap untwisting slightly from the baseduring transit with a potential spill of radioactive pharmaceuticalfluid resulting therefrom. Another issue is that the base of aconventional pharmaceutical pig is generally cylindrical making thepharmaceutical pig prone to tipping and falling over on its side. Thepresent invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problemsset forth above. These deficiencies and shortcomings include, but arenot limited to, exposed lead, numerous turns required to attach the capto the base, absence of a locking mechanism to secure the cap to thebase and a cylindrical base where the bottom portion of the base hassubstantially the same diameter as the top portion of the base so thatthe pharmaceutical pig is prone to tipping and falling over on its side.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

A pharmaceutical pig is sized and arranged to transport a single syringecontaining a unit dose of a radiopharmaceutical from a radiopharmacy toa medical facility such as a doctor's office, clinic or hospital. Afterthe radiopharmaceutical has been administered to a patient, the usedsyringe is put back into the pharmaceutical pig and returned to theradiopharmacy for proper disposal. The present invention may be usedwith conventional syringes or safety syringes.

In one aspect of this present invention, a polymer pharmaceutical pig isdisclosed. The polymer pharmaceutical pig includes an elongate polymerbase having a base shell that completely encloses a base shieldingelement and having a first hollow center section and an elongate polymercap that is removably attached to the elongate polymer base, theelongate polymer cap, having a second hollow center and a cap shell thatcompletely encloses a cap shielding element.

Moreover, for convenience and ease of use, the amount of rotation of theelongate polymer cap in relation to the elongate polymer base forremovably attaching the elongate polymer base to the elongate polymercap is minimized, i.e., preferably less than three hundred and sixtydegrees (360°), more preferably less than one hundred and eighty degrees(180°) and optimally less than ninety degrees (90°). Preferably, alocking detent is located in the threaded interconnections to secure theelongate polymer base to the elongate polymer cap. The polymer materialutilized in the base shell and the cap shell can include virtually anytype of plastic and is preferably polycarbonate resin, e.g., LEXAN®material, while the base shielding element and the cap shielding elementcan be made of virtually any type of material that blocks radiationemitted from the radiopharmaceutical. This material preferably includeslead as well as tungsten and metallic-filled polymers, with lead beingthe most preferred material due to the low cost and ease ofmanufacturing.

Preferably, the elongate polymer cap is substantially cylindrical andthe bottom portion of the elongate polymer base is substantiallybell-shaped. Moreover, the elongate polymer base of the pharmaceuticalpig preferably includes a top portion having a first diameter, a middleportion having a second diameter and a bottom portion having a thirddiameter, where the second diameter of the middle portion is less thanthe first diameter of the top portion and is less than the thirddiameter of the bottom portion. The elongate polymer cap of thepharmaceutical pig preferably includes a top portion having a fourthdiameter and a bottom portion having a fifth diameter, where the fourthdiameter of the top portion is less than the fifth diameter of thebottom portion.

In the preferred design, the top portion of the elongate base includes aplurality of flattened portions, where at least one flattened portion ofthe plurality of flattened portions includes an arch-like portion andthe bottom portion of the elongate base includes a plurality offlattened portions, wherein at least one flattened portion of theplurality of flattened portions includes an arch-like portion. Thebottom portion of the elongate cap base includes a plurality offlattened portions, where at least one flattened portion of theplurality of flattened portions includes an arch-like portion.Optimally, at least one flattened portion of the plurality of flattenedportions in the top portion of the elongate base is substantiallyaligned with the at least one flattened portion of the plurality offlattened portions in the bottom portion of the elongate cap.

In another aspect of this present invention, an assembly including apharmaceutical pig sized and arranged to transport a syringe isdisclosed. The assembly includes a syringe having a needle, a barrel, apair of wing-shaped finger grips, and a plunger, and a pharmaceuticalpig including an elongate polymer base that completely encloses a baseshielding element. The elongate polymer base having a first hollowcenter section that is sized to surround the needle and at least aportion of the barrel of the syringe and an elongate polymer cap that isremovably attached to the elongate polymer base. The elongate polymercap completely encloses a cap shielding element and the elongate polymercap includes a second hollow center section that is sized to surround atleast a portion of the plunger of the syringe.

In still another aspect of this present invention, a method fortransporting a syringe in a pharmaceutical pig, the syringe having atleast a needle, a barrel, a pair of wing-shaped finger grips, and aplunger is disclosed. The method includes placing a syringe containing aliquid radiopharmaceutical in a pharmaceutical pig having an elongatepolymer base that completely encloses a base shielding element. Theelongate polymer base having a first hollow center section that is sizedto surround the needle and at least a portion of the barrel of thesyringe and an elongate polymer cap that is removably attached to theelongate polymer base. The elongate polymer cap completely encloses acap shielding element and the elongate polymer cap having a secondhollow center section that is sized to surround at least a portion ofthe plunger of the syringe. This is followed by transporting thepharmaceutical pig containing the syringe to a medical facility and thentransporting the pharmaceutical pig and the used syringe back to theradiopharmacy for disposal of the used syringe.

In yet another aspect of this present invention, a method for producinga pharmaceutical pig is disclosed. The method includes molding a baseshielding element in a first mold, molding a cap shielding element in asecond mold. This is followed by inserting the base shielding elementwithin a third mold and injecting molten polymer material into the thirdmold so that when the polymer material hardens, the base shieldingelement is completely enclosed by the polymer material to form anelongate base. This is then followed by inserting the cap shieldingelement within a fourth mold and injecting molten polymer material intothe fourth mold so that when the polymer material hardens, the capshielding element is completely enclosed by the polymer material to forman elongate cap.

These are merely some of the innumerable illustrative aspects of thispresent invention and should not be deemed an all-inclusive listing.These and other aspects will become apparent to those skilled in the artin light of the following disclosure and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

For a better understanding of the present invention, reference may bemade to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the assembledpharmaceutical pig of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the pharmaceutical pig of the presentinvention with an elongate cap separated from an elongate base;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the elongate base for the pharmaceutical pig ofthe present invention without an elongate cap;

FIG. 4 is a section view of the pharmaceutical pig of the presentinvention with an elongate cap, having a cap shield enclosed by a capshell, and the elongate base, having a base shield enclosed by a baseshell, with the elongate cap separated from the elongate base;

FIG. 5 is a section view of the assembled pharmaceutical pig of thepresent invention with an elongate cap, having a cap shield enclosed bya cap shell, and the elongate base, having a base shield enclosed by abase shell, and with a syringe positioned inside the pharmaceutical pig;and

FIG. 6 is an isolated, close-up view of the threaded joint between theelongate cap and the elongate base, as shown in FIG. 5, when thepharmaceutical pig of the present invention is fully assembled and asyringe is positioned within the pharmaceutical pig.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the embodiment of the pharmaceutical pigof the present invention that is generally indicated by numeral 10.There is an elongate base 12 and an elongate cap 14. The elongate base12 and the elongate cap 14 of the pharmaceutical pig 10 can be formed inany of a wide variety of shapes and sizes, however, a substantiallycylindrical shape is preferred. Preferably, the elongate base 12includes a top portion that is generally indicated by numeral 16 havinga first diameter, a middle portion that is generally indicated bynumeral 18 having a second diameter and a bottom portion that isgenerally indicated by numeral 20 having a third diameter. The elongatecap 14 includes a top portion that is generally indicated by numeral 22having a fourth diameter and a bottom portion that is generallyindicated by numeral 24 having a fifth diameter. In the preferredembodiment, the second diameter of the middle portion 18 of the elongatebase 12 is less than the first diameter of the top portion 18 of theelongate base 12. The second diameter of the middle portion 18 of theelongate base 12 is also less than the third diameter of the bottomportion 20 of the elongate base 12 to create a bell-shape. Also, in thepreferred embodiment, the fourth diameter of the top portion 22 of theelongate cap 14 is less than the fifth diameter of the bottom portion 24of the elongate cap 14.

The elongate base 12 for the pharmaceutical pig 10, preferably includesa first plurality of flattened portions 28, e.g., four (4), that eachinclude an arch-like portion 30 located on the bottom portion 20 of theelongate base 12 of the pharmaceutical pig 10. The bottom portion 20 ofthe elongate base 12 is preferably bell-shaped to prevent tipping andincludes a domed, bottom surface 32 to reduce material cost, as shown inFIGS. 4 and 5.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2, the top portion 16 of the elongatebase 12 for the pharmaceutical pig 10, preferably and optionally,includes a second plurality of flattened portions, e.g., four (4), thatpreferably alternate between rectangular portions 36 and rectangularportions that each have a downwardly extending arch-like portion 34.

The elongate cap 14 for the pharmaceutical pig 10, preferably andoptionally, includes a third plurality of flattened portions 40, e.g.,four (4), that each include an arch-like portion 41. The top portion 22is preferably circular and includes a flat top surface 42, as shown inFIG. 1, which can be labeled as well as easily transported within adelivery case that can hold a multiple number of pharmaceutical pigs 10.

There is a plurality of threaded interconnections, which is generallyindicated by numeral 44, as shown in FIG. 2. Preferably, but notnecessarily, there are four (4) threads 45. Preferably, with the presentpharmaceutical pig 10 of the present invention, the amount of turnsrequired to secure the elongate base 12 to the elongate cap 14 isminimized. The preferred amount of turning being one turn (360°) orless, with a more preferred amount of turning being one-half of a turn(180°) or less and the most preferred amount of turning beingone-quarter of a turn (90°) or less. The pitch of the threads 45 canvary greatly depending on the parameters of the pharmaceutical pig 10,with the most preferred value of pitch being 1.38 for the threads 45.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is a series of locking detents 46 thatsecure the elongate base 12 to the elongate cap 14. These lockingdetents 46 lock the elongate base 12 to the elongate cap 14 when thethreads 45 of the elongate cap 14 and the elongate base 12 arecompletely engaged. The elongate cap 14 is flush against the elongatebase 12 after having completed the maximum amount of turning, e.g.,one-quarter of a turn (90°) to seal the elongate cap 14 against theelongate base 12 in fluid-tight relationship. This seal is presentwithout the presence of an additional component that requiresreplacement and maintenance, such as an o-ring.

Located within the elongate cap 14 and elongate base 12 is a capshielding element that is generally indicated by numeral 48 and the baseshielding element that is generally indicated by numeral 54,respectively, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. These shielding elements 48 and54 are typically formed from lead because it is relatively inexpensiveand easy to form. Moreover, these shielding elements 48 and 54 can beformed from any material that blocks the radiation that is emitted fromthe radiopharmaceutical. For example, tungsten is a suitable shieldingelement, but it is more expensive than lead and more difficult to formor mold. Metallic-filled polymer composite materials such as theECOMASS® compounds produced by Engineered Materials, a M. A. HannaCompany having a place of business in Norcross, Ga. can also be used asshielding material.

The cap shielding element 48 has a closed end 52 and an open end 50. Thewalls 56 of the cap shielding element 48 are of generally uniformthickness. The base shielding element 54 has a closed end 58 and an openend 60. The walls 62 of the base shielding element 54 are of generallyuniform thickness.

As shown in FIG. 5 and best illustrated in FIG. 6, the walls 62 of thebase shielding element 54 form a protrusion 64, which is preferably butnot necessarily triangular, which forms an angle T when measured againstthe inside wall of the base shielding element 54. The base shieldingelement 54 includes a ledge near the open end 60 that forms a shoulder66.

Referring again to FIGS. 4 and 5, the cap shielding element 48 of theelongate cap 14 is completely enclosed by a cap shell 70 having an outercap shell portion 72 and an inner cap shell portion 74. Also, the baseshielding element 54 of the elongate base 12 is completely enclosed by abase shell 76 having an outer base shell portion 78 and an inner baseshell portion 80.

The cap shell 70 and base shell 76 are preferably made of polymermaterial. This can include virtually any type of plastic, however, themost preferred type of material is a polycarbonate resin. A specifictype of polycarbonate resin, which can be utilized with the presentinvention, can be purchased under the mark LEXAN®, which is a federallyregistered trademark of the General Electric Company, having a place ofbusiness at One Plastics Avenue, Pittsfield, Mass. 01201. LEXAN® is verylightweight, but is also known for its impact resistance, clarity,stability and heat resistance.

The preferred method of forming the cap shell 70 and base shell 76 sothat the cap shell 70 and base shell 76 enclose and seal the capshielding element 48 of the elongate cap 14 and the base shieldingelement 54 of the elongate base 12, respectively, is by the process ofmolding. Although the polymer material can be molded in two parts andthen melted or welded to provided the complete enclosure of the capshielding element 48 of the elongate cap 14 and the base shieldingelement 54 of the elongate base 12, the preferred method of molding thepolymer material is by a “two-shot” or “overmolding” process.

Examples of this “two-shot” or “overmolding” process are described in:U.S. Pat. No. 4,750,092, which issued to Werther on Jun. 7, 1988 and wasassigned to Kollmorgen Technologies Corporation, which is incorporatedherein by reference; U.S. Pat. No. 6,381,509, which issued to Thiel etal. on Apr. 30, 2002; and was assigned to Mattec, Inc, which isincorporated herein by reference; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,405,729, whichissued to Thornton on Jun. 18, 2002, which is incorporated herein byreference.

A significant advantage of the present invention is that no inner lineris utilized. This is a significant advantage since inner liners aretypically discarded after each use. This reduces cost and eliminateswaste.

As also shown in FIG. 5, there is a syringe 83, having: a needle 87shown in phantom; a barrel 86; a plunger 85; and finger grips 93 whichare sometimes called wings. The finger grips 93 may be hexagonal,circular or polygonal; they may fully or partially surround the barrel86. The finger grips 93 are captured between the previously describedshoulder portion 66 formed in the inner base shell portion 80 of thebase shell 76 and the inner cap shell portion 74 of the cap shell 70.The syringe 83 is therefore prevented from lateral movement inside thepharmaceutical pig 10 during transit. The needle 87 and at least aportion of the barrel 86 are positioned in a first hollow center section91 of the elongate base 12. At least a portion of the plunger 85 ispositioned in a second hollow center section 89 of the elongate cap 14.

The pharmaceutical pig 10 is believed to comply with the revisedBloodborne Pathogens Standard (29 C.F.R. Sectional 1910.1030(d)(2))promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration byfully meeting their definition of a “sharps container” by providing acontainer that is: puncture resistant; capable of being labeled orcolor-coded; leakproof on the sides and bottom; and does not require ahealthcare provider to reach by hand into the container where the sharphas been placed.

Method of Use for the Pharmaceutical Pig 10:

A prescription is called in, faxed in, or otherwise given to aradiopharmacy. The pharmacist enters the prescription in a computer andprints out the labels. A self-adhesive label can be attached to thepharmaceutical pig 10 in a conventional fashion. In the alternative, alabel can be attached to the pharmaceutical pig with the flexible sleeve(not shown), without the need for adhesives. A separate label is affixedto a safety syringe or a conventional syringe. The syringe 83 is filledwith a radiopharmaceutical in accordance with the prescription. Thefilled syringe 83 is assayed. In other words, the activity of theradiopharmaceutical in the syringe 83 is measured in a dose calibratorto verify that it complies with the prescription. The filled syringe 83is put in the pharmaceutical pig 10 and then closed. The pharmaceuticalpig 10 is wipe tested for contamination. If the pharmaceutical pig 10passes the wipe test, it is placed in a delivery container.

The delivery containers used by some Mallinckrodt Inc. pharmacies haveinterior padding of rubber foam. Several pharmaceutical pigs 10 may beplaced in a single delivery container. Before leaving the radiopharmacy,the delivery container and the pharmaceutical pigs 10 are wipe testedand surveyed. If the delivery container passes, a DOT label is affixedto the outside of the delivery container and it is delivered to amedical facility.

The pharmaceutical pigs 10 are then opened and the syringe 83 is placedin an injection shield. The radiopharmaceutical is administered to thepatient. The delivery case with the pharmaceutical pigs 10 and usedsyringes 83 are then returned to the radiopharmacy. The syringe 83 isremoved from the pharmaceutical pig 10 and placed in a disposal bin. Thepharmaceutical pig 10 is then washed and dried. The pharmaceutical pig10 is then ready to be reused.

Method of Producing the Pharmaceutical Pig 10:

This involves first molding the base shielding element 54 by pouringmolten, nuclear shielding, material into a first mold (not shown). Thepreferred substance is lead, as opposed to tungsten or metallic-filledpolymers, due to cost considerations and ease of molding. When the baseshielding element 54 has solidified, the base shielding element 54 isthen placed into an injection molding machine (not shown). The polymermaterial, e.g., polycarbonate resin, is then injected and flows into athird mold, having a mold cavity, which surrounds the base shieldingelement 54. After an application of temperature and pressure, asolidified elongate base 12 is released from the mold. This elongatebase 12 includes the base shielding element 54, which is now completelyenclosed by a base shell 76. The base shell 76 includes an inner baseshell portion 80 that is adjacent to the needle 87 and barrel 86 of thesyringe 83 and an outer base shell portion 78 that forms the outersurface of the elongate base 12. In the same manner, the cap shieldingelement 48 is created by pouring molten, nuclear shielding, materialinto a second mold (not shown). As with the base shielding element 54,the preferred substance is again lead. When the cap shielding element 48has solidified, the cap shielding element 48 is placed into an injectionmolding machine (not shown). The polymer material, e.g., polycarbonateresin, is then injected and flows into a fourth mold, having a moldcavity, which surrounds the cap shielding element 48. After anapplication of temperature and pressure, a solidified elongate cap 14 isreleased from the mold. This elongate cap 14 includes the cap shieldingelement 48, which is now completely enclosed by the cap shell 70. Thecap shell 70 includes an inner cap shell portion 74 that is adjacent tothe plunger 85 of the syringe 83 and an outer cap shell portion 72 thatforms the outer surface of the elongate cap 14.

Although a preferred embodiment of the pharmaceutical pig 10, a methodof use of the pharmaceutical pig 10 and a method of production for thepharmaceutical pig 10 have been illustrated in the accompanying Drawingsand described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it is understoodthat the invention is not limited to the embodiment disclosed, but iscapable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutionswithout departing from the spirit for the invention as set forth anddefined by the following claims.

1. A radiopharmaceutical pig comprising: a base having a first hollowcenter section defined therein to accommodate at least a portion of aradiopharmaceutical syringe, the base comprising radiation-blockingmaterial selected from the group consisting of lead, tungsten, andmetallic-filled polymers, wherein the base includes: a top portionhaving a first diameter; a middle portion having a second diameter; anda bottom portion having a third diameter, wherein the second diameter isless than the first diameter and the third diameter; and a cap removablyattached to the base, wherein the cap has a second hollow center sectiondefined therein, and wherein the cap comprises radiation-blockingmaterial selected from the group consisting of lead, tungsten, andmetallic-filled polymers.
 2. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 1,wherein the top portion of the base comprises a plurality of flattenedportions.
 3. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 2, wherein at leastone of the plurality of flattened portions comprises an arch-likeportion.
 4. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 2, wherein the capcomprises a top portion and a bottom portion, and wherein the bottomportion of the cap comprises a plurality of flattened portions.
 5. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 4, wherein at least one flattenedportion of the plurality of flattened portions of the top portion of thebase is substantially aligned with at least one flattened portion of theplurality of flattened portions of the bottom portion of the cap.
 6. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 5, wherein the top portion of the caphas a fourth diameter and the bottom portion of the cap has a fifthdiameter, and wherein the fourth diameter of the top portion of the capis less than the fifth diameter of the bottom portion of the cap.
 7. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 1, wherein the top portion of the caphas a fourth diameter and the bottom portion of the cap has a fifthdiameter, and wherein the fourth diameter of the top portion of the capis less than the fifth diameter of the bottom portion of the cap.
 8. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 7, wherein the bottom portion of thecap comprises a plurality of flattened portions.
 9. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 8, wherein at least one of theplurality of flattened portions comprises an arch-like portion.
 10. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 1, wherein the cap is removablyattached to the base through complimentary threads located on the capand the base.
 11. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 10, furthercomprising at least one locking detent associated with the threads. 12.The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 10, wherein the threads located onthe cap and the base do not allow the cap to rotate more than threehundred and sixty degrees (360°) in relation to the base.
 13. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 1, wherein the cap and the base eachcomprise polymer material.
 14. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 13,wherein the polymer material of the base completely encloses theradiation-blocking material of the base, and wherein the polymermaterial of the cap completely encloses the radiation-blocking materialof the cap,
 15. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 1, wherein both thebase and the cap are elongate.
 16. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim1, wherein the bottom portion of the base is substantially bell-shaped.17. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 1, wherein theradiation-blocking material is tungsten.
 18. The radiopharmaceutical pigof claim 1, wherein the radiation-blocking material is lead.
 19. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 1, further comprising aradiopharmaceutical disposed in at least one of the first and secondhollow center sections of the pig.
 20. The radiopharmaceutical pig ofclaim 1, further comprising a syringe disposed in at least one of thefirst and second hollow center sections of the pig.
 21. Aradiopharmaceutical pig comprising: a base having a first hollow centersection defined therein to accommodate at least a portion of aradiopharmaceutical syringe, the base comprising radiation-blockingmaterial selected from the group consisting of lead, tungsten, andmetallic-filled polymers, wherein the base includes: a top portionhaving a first diameter and comprising a plurality of flattenedportions; and a middle portion having a second diameter, wherein thesecond diameter is less than the first diameter; and a cap removablyattached to the base, wherein the cap has a second hollow center sectiondefined therein, and wherein the cap comprises radiation-blockingmaterial selected from the group consisting of lead, tungsten, andmetallic-filled polymers.
 22. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 21,wherein at least one of the plurality of flattened portions comprises anarch-like portion.
 23. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 21, whereinthe cap comprises a top portion and a bottom portion, and wherein thebottom portion of the cap comprises a plurality of flattened portions.24. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 23, wherein at least oneflattened portion of the plurality of flattened portions of the topportion of the base is substantially aligned with at least one flattenedportion of the plurality of flattened portions of the bottom portion ofthe cap.
 25. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 24, wherein the topportion of the cap has a fourth diameter and the bottom portion of thecap has a fifth diameter, and wherein the fourth diameter of the topportion of the cap is less than the fifth diameter of the bottom portionof the cap.
 26. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 21, wherein the topportion of the cap has a fourth diameter and the bottom portion of thecap has a fifth diameter, and wherein the fourth diameter of the topportion of the cap is less than the fifth diameter of the bottom portionof the cap.
 27. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 26, wherein thebottom portion of the cap comprises a plurality of flattened portions.28. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 27, wherein at least one of theplurality of flattened portions of the bottom portion of the capcomprises an arch-like portion.
 29. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim21, wherein the cap is removably attached to the base throughcomplimentary threads located on the cap and the base.
 30. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 29, further comprising at least onelocking detent associated with the threads.
 31. The radiopharmaceuticalpig of claim 29, wherein the threads located on the cap and the base donot allow the cap to rotate more than three hundred and sixty degrees(360°) in relation to the base.
 32. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim21, wherein the cap and the base each comprise polymer material.
 33. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 32, wherein the polymer material of thebase completely encloses the radiation-blocking material of the base,and wherein the polymer material of the cap completely encloses theradiation-blocking material of the cap,
 34. The radiopharmaceutical pigof claim 21, wherein both the base and the cap are elongate.
 35. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 21, wherein the bottom portion of thebase is substantially bell-shaped.
 36. The radiopharmaceutical pig ofclaim 21, wherein the radiation-blocking material is tungsten.
 37. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 21, wherein the radiation-blockingmaterial is lead.
 38. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 21, furthercomprising a radiopharmaceutical disposed in at least one of the firstand second hollow center sections of the pig.
 39. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 21, further comprising a syringedisposed in at least one of the first and second hollow center sectionsof the pig.
 40. A radiopharmaceutical pig comprising: a base having afirst hollow center section defined therein to accommodate at least aportion of a radiopharmaceutical syringe, wherein the base comprisesradiation-blocking material selected from the group consisting of lead,tungsten, and metallic-filled polymers; and a cap removably attached tothe base, the cap having a second hollow center section defined therein,the cap comprising radiation-blocking material selected from the groupconsisting of lead, tungsten, and metallic-filled polymers, the capincluding: a top portion having a first diameter; and a bottom portionhaving a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is less than thesecond diameter, and wherein the bottom portion comprises a plurality offlattened portions.
 41. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 40, whereinat least one of the plurality of flattened portions comprises anarch-like portion.
 42. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 40, whereinthe base comprises a plurality of flattened portions.
 43. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 42, wherein at least one flattenedportion of the plurality of flattened portions of the top portion of thebase is substantially aligned with at least one flattened portion of theplurality of flattened portions of the bottom portion of the cap. 44.The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 40, wherein the cap is removablyattached to the base through complimentary threads located on the capand the base.
 45. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 44, furthercomprising at least one locking detent associated with the threads. 46.The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 44, wherein the threads located onthe cap and the base do not allow the cap to rotate more than threehundred and sixty degrees (360°) in relation to the base.
 47. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 40, wherein the cap and the base eachcomprise polymer material.
 48. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 47,wherein the polymer material of the base completely encloses theradiation-blocking material of the base, and wherein the polymermaterial of the cap completely encloses the radiation-blocking materialof the cap,
 49. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 40, wherein boththe base and the cap are elongate.
 50. The radiopharmaceutical pig ofclaim 40, wherein the bottom portion of the base is substantiallybell-shaped.
 51. The radiopharmaceutical pig of claim 40, wherein theradiation-blocking material is tungsten.
 52. The radiopharmaceutical pigof claim 40, wherein the radiation-blocking material is lead.
 53. Theradiopharmaceutical pig of claim 40, further comprising aradiopharmaceutical disposed in at least one of the first and secondhollow center sections of the pig.
 54. The radiopharmaceutical pig ofclaim 40, further comprising a syringe disposed in at least one of thefirst and second hollow center sections of the pig.